Open Access and Free of Charge

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

2 Textile Engineering Department, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran.

Abstract

 This paper is concerned with the study of edgewise compression properties of newly developed sandwich panels denoted as 3D integrated woven sandwich composites (IWSCs). IWSC panels consist of two fabric faces that are interwoven by pile yarns and therefore, a very high skin-core debonding resistance is obtained. To qualify the mechanical properties of this structure, in this study, 3D woven samples with different pile heights and pile distribution densities were fabricated and then after the impregnation by resin, the effect of panel thickness, pile density, sample size, and types of resin on the edgewise compression behavior of IWSC panels were experimentally investigated. The results showed that edgewise compression properties of IWSC panels are increased with the increase of core heights as well as core pile density. Compared with the core height of 20 mm (H1), the peak load values 
 of 30 mm panel thickness (H2) increase between 18 and 36%. Also, as the pile density increases from 2.1 cm-2 (D1) to 
 4.3 cm-2 (D3), the peak load values of samples increases about 6% to 14%. Furthermore, the composite produced by epoxy resin showed about 300% better compression properties than the composite fabricated by polyester resin. Warp and weft direction properties as well as size dependency of IWSC panels in edgewise compression test were also studied. The difference between the maximum load values for the warp and weft directions in the samples varies from 10% to 40%.

Keywords

[1] A.P. Mouritz, M.K. Bannister, and P.J. Falzon, “Review of applications for advanced three dimensional fiber textile composites”, Compos. A, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1445-1461, 1999.
[2] R. Kamiya, B.A. Cheeseman, and P. Popper, “Some recent advances in the fabrication and design of three dimensional textile preforms: a reviewˮ, Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 33-47, 2000. [3] K. Bilisik, “Multiaxis three-dimensional weaving for composites: a review”, Text. Res. J., vol. 82, no. 7, pp. 725-743, 2012. [4] J. Hu, 3D Fibrous Assemblies: Properties, Applications and Modelling of Three-Dimensional Textile Structures, 1st ed, Woodhead Publishing, 2008. [5] A.W. Van Vuure, J.A. Ivens, and I. Verpoest, “Mechanical properties of composite panels based on woven sandwich fabric preforms”, Compos. A, vol. 31, pp. 671-680, 2000. [6] A. Mirdehghan, H. Nosraty, M.M. Shokrieh, M. 
 Akhbari, and R. Ghasemi, “Micro-mechanical modelling of the compression strength of threedimensional integrated woven sandwich compositesˮ, J. Ind. Text., vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1399-1419, 2019. [7] M. Li, S. Wang, and W. Zhang, “Effect of structure on the mechanical behaviors of three-dimensional spacer fabric composites”, Appl. Compos. Mater., vol. 16, pp. 1-14, 2009. [8] M. Karahan, H. Gul, and N. Karahan, “Static behavior of three-dimensional integrated core sandwich composites subjected to three-point bendingˮ, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 664-678, 2013. [9] S.W. Choi, M. Li, and W.I. Lee, “Analysis of buckling load of glass fiber/epoxy-reinforced plywood and its temperature dependenceˮ, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 48, no. 18, pp. 2191-2206, 2014. [10] M.G. Toribio and S.M. Spearing, “Compressive response of notched glass-fiber epoxy/honeycomb sandwich panels”, Compos. A, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 859870, 2001. [11] C.H. Park, W.I. Lee, and W.S. Han, “Multi-constraint optimization of composite structures manufactured by resin transfer molding process”, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 347-374, 2005. [12] J.M. Mirazo and S.M. Spearing, “Damage modeling of notched graphite/epoxy sandwich panels in compressionˮ, Appl. Compos. Mater., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 191-216, 2001. [13] J.G. Ratcliffe and J.R. Reeder, “Sizing a single cantilever beam specimen for characterizing facesheet-core debonding in sandwich structureˮ, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 45, no. 25, pp. 2669-2684, 2011. [14] C. Berggreen, B.C. Simonsen, and K.K. Borum, “Experimental and numerical study of interface crack propagation in foam-cored sandwich beamsˮ, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 493-520, 2007.
[15] A.W. Van Vuure, J. Pflug, and J.A. Ivens, “Modelling the core properties of composite panels based on woven sandwich fabric preforms”, Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 60, pp. 1263-1276, 2000. [16] H. Judawisastra, J. Ivens, and I. Verpoest, “Determination of core shear properties of 3D woven sandwich compositesˮ, Plast. Rubber Compos., vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 452-457, 1999. [17] D.S. Li, N. Jiang, L. Jiang, and C.Q. Zhao, “Static and dynamic mechanical behavior of 3D integrated woven spacer composites with thickened face sheetsˮ, Fiber Polym, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 460-468, 2016. [18] Y. Hu, W.X. Li, H.L. Fan, and N. Kuang, “Experimental investigations on the failures of woven textile sandwich panelsˮ, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 30, no. 2, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715598357. [19] C. Zhao, D. Li, T. Ge, L. Jiang, and N. Jiang, “Experimental study on the compression properties and failure mechanism of 3D integrated woven spacer 
compositesˮ, Mater. Design, vol. 56, pp. 50–59, 2014. [20] S. Wang, M. Li, Z. Zhang, and B. Wu, “Mechanical reinforcement of three-dimensional spacer fabric compositesˮ, Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 65, pp. 26042607, 2010. [21] M. Sadighi and S.A. Hosseini, “Finite element simulation and experimental study on mechanical behavior of 3d woven glass fiber composite sandwich panelsˮ, Compos. B, vol. 55, pp. 158-166, 2013. [22] M. Barikani, “Investigation of the edgewise compression properties of 3D woven glass fibre composites (in Persian)”, Msc Thesis, Dept. Text. Eng., Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, 2017. [23] A. Kus, I. Durgun, and R. Ertan, “Experimental study on the flexural properties of 3D integrated woven spacer composites at room and subzero temperatures”, J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 517-530, 2018.