Flexural Behavior of Concrete-Mortar Composites Reinforced with Net Spacer warp Knitted Fabrics

The aim of this research was to evaluate empirical and theoretical models to explain the behavior of double-layer circular warp-knitted perforated fabrics as reinforcement in cement-based composites under three-point bending tests. The primary reason for selecting these fabrics is their unique textile architecture, which creates desirable interlocking and mechanical bonding with the cementitious matrix. The presence of perforations in the structure further allows for improved matrix penetration and mechanical anchoring throughout the cross-section of the specimens.

The results of the study indicated that reinforcing the cementitious section with these fabrics leads to a significant improvement in mechanical properties, particularly toughness. Evaluation of the specimens subjected to three-point bending tests revealed that in all studied cases—including composites with fabric in the relaxed state, resin-impregnated fabric at the extreme tensile fiber, and pre-tensioned fabric—the flexural behavior indicators, such as maximum flexural load and toughness, increased compared to the control specimen. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of the fabric and its placement conditions within the matrix significantly influenced the composite’s flexural behavior, suggesting that optimal selection of these parameters can yield desirable mechanical properties.