An overview of synthetic microfibers: fabrication, properties, applications and environmental problems

Document Type : Review Article

Authors
Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box: 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
In the past two decades, the importance of microfibers has increased dramatically in the global fiber market. Synthetic microfibers have many advantages for the future of the textile industry. They are known as fibers with a linear density in the range of 0.3 to 1 dtex or an average diameter of less than 10 µm. The diameter of micro fibers is half the diameter of silk fibers, one third of the diameter of cotton fibers, and a hundred times finer than human hair, so it can make amazing changes in the improvement of textile products. Various methods have been reported for the production of synthetic microfibers, including CO2 laser, melt spinning, melt blowing, flash spinning, spunbonding, and electrospinning. Textiles made from microfibers are lightweight, wrinkle-resistant, and retain their shape. These fibers are also resistant to pilling, they are also relatively stronger and more durable than textiles with similar conditions, and they are more comfortable. Due to the fact that microfibers have a high specific surface, they are suitable for various applications such as separation and filtration, construction, medicine, energy, smart textiles and sensors. In contrast, microplastic fibers are the most abundant pollutions found in the environment. Synthetic microplastic fibers are made up of non-biodegradable polymers having diameter less than 5 mm. Microfibers are released from textile garments during textile finishing and home laundering. In this paper, after introducing synthetic microfibers, its fabrication methods, properties and applications are reviewed.
Keywords
Subjects

Article Title Persian

مروری بر میکروالیاف مصنوعی: تولید، خواص، کاربردها و مشکلات زیست محیطی

Authors Persian

حمیدرضا مرادی
کمیل نصوری
اصفهان، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده مهندسی نساجی، صندوق پستی 83111 - 84156
Abstract Persian

در دو دهه اخیر، اهمیت میکروالیاف بطور چشمگیری در بازار جهانی الیاف افزایش یافته است. میکروالیاف مصنوعی مزایای زیادی برای آینده صنعت نساجی دارند. به عنوان الیاف با چگالی خطی در محدوده 3/0 تا dtex 1 یا متوسط قطری کمتر از µm 10 شناخته می شوند. قطر میکرو الیاف نصف قطر الیاف ابریشم، یک سوم قطر الیاف پنبه و صد برابر ظریف‌تر از موی انسان است، بنابراین می تواند تغییرات شگفت انگیزی در ارتقاء محصولات نساجی ایجاد کند. روشهای مختلفی برای تولید میکروالیاف، از جمله لیزر CO2، ذوب ریسی، دمیدن مذاب، ریسندگی فلاش، اسپان باندینگ و الکتروریسی گزارش شده است. منسوجات تولید شده از میکروالیاف سبک وزن و مقاوم در برابر چروک شدن هستند و شکل خود را حفظ می کنند. این الیاف در برابر پرز شدن نیز مقاوم هستند، همچنین نسبت به منسوجات با شرایط مشابه نسبتاً قوی و بادوامتر بوده و راحتی بیشتری دارند. با توجه به این که میکروالیاف، سطح ویژه بالایی دارند برای کاربردهای مختلف از جمله جداسازی و فیلتراسیون، ساخت و ساز، پزشکی، انرژی، منسوجات هوشمند و حسگرها مناسب هستند. در مقابل، الیاف میکروپلاستیکی به عنوان فراوان ترین آلودگی در محیط زیست به شمار می روند. الیاف میکروپلاستیکی مصنوعی از پلیمرهای غیرقابل تجزیه زیستی و با قطر کمتر از mm5 ساخته شده‌اند و از منسوجات در حین فرآیندهای تکمیلی و شستشوهای خانگی آزاد می شوند. در این مقاله، پس از معرفی میکروالیاف مصنوعی، روش‌های تولید، خواص و کاربردهای آن بررسی می‌شود.

Keywords Persian

الیاف مصنوعی
میکروالیاف
چگالی خطی
ذوب ریسی
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