ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on Physical Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Bi-shrinkage Yarns
Experimental and statistical properties of bi-shrinkage yarns (BSY) were studied by combining multifilament yarns of poly(ethylene terephthalate) containing partially oriented yarn and fully drawn yarn with different finenesses. In this procedure, different twists per meter (500, 1000, and 1500 tpm) were applied to different BSYs. Then tensile, shrinkage, and appearance properties of the samples were analyzed. The appearance properties of the BSYs showed that they are very similar to multifilament textured yarns. The most important factor affecting the BSYs properties is the filaments’ number of yarns. The best mechanical, shrinkage, and appearance properties were observed in the samples containing two components with the same number of filaments (regular or microfilament yarns). Also, statistical studies showed the most important factor affecting the BSYs properties was filaments’ number of yarns. Moreover, the number of twists per meter of BSY’s is an effective parameter.
http://www.itast.ir/article_111237_95a761dffa5826b3841d901b5359fa55.pdf
2020-06-01
1
14
bi-shrinkage yarn
bulk
physical properties
poly(ethylene terephthalate)
partially oriented yarn (POY)
fully drawn yarn (FDY)
microfilament yarn
Mahbobeh
Mehran
1
Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Tavanaie
tavanaie@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Fattahi
3
Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] P. Shyam Sundar, H. Prabhu K., and N. Karthikeyan, “New high-speed concept for making bi-shrinkage yarnsˮ, Indian Text. J., vol. 117, pp. 150-159, 2007.
1
[2] X. Yuan, Y. Enlong, and T. Chengtan, “Process structure and properties of bi-shrinkage yarns spun by one-step spinning processˮ, Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 239-242, pp. 384-387, 2011.
2
[3] N. Wang, J. Zhang, K. Lai, and R. Sun, “Theoretic analysis on the manufacture of blended yarn by one spinneretˮ, Fiber. Polym., vol. 8, pp. 284-288, 2007.
3
[4] D.B. Schmitt, U.S. Patent 3, 423, 809, 1969.
4
[5] T. Chengtan, X. Yuan, Y. Zhiyong, and C. Jianyong, “Effect of heat treatment on structure and properties of PET BSYˮ, J. Text. Res., vol. 31, pp. 15-18, 2010.
5
[6] H. Tavanai, M. Morshed, and A. Moghaddam, “Production of high bulk polyester filament yarnˮ, J. Text. I., vol. 104, pp. 1-6, 2013.
6
[7] D. Montgomery, E. Peck, and G. Vinning, Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, 4 th Edn, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
7
[8] A.A. Alamdar Yazdi, Evolution and development of short-staple spinning, Yazd University Press, Yazd, 2008.
8
[9] S.P. Singh and M. Roellke, “Market potential for PET bi-shrinkage yarns in Asiaˮ, Chem. Fiber. Int., vol. 57, pp. 253-264, 2007.
9
[10] M. Fukuhara, “Innovation in polyester fibers: from silk-like to new polyesterˮ, Text. Res. J., vol. 63, pp. 387-391, 1993.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrically and Electrochemically Active Composite Based on Polyester/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole with Remarkable Washing Durability
The present work explores a facile route to prepare a durable conductive fabric by using reduced graphene oxide and polypyrrole. Prior to coating of active materials, polyester surface experienced a modification which resulted in high uptake of materials. Then, dipcoating approach was used to deposit graphene oxide on the modified polyester. After reduction of graphene oxide, polypyrrole particles grew on the fabric surface through an in situ polymerization method. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA were employed to investigate the morphology and chemical structure of the samples. A high electrical conductivity of 0.98 S.cm-1 was obtained which arises from establishing the numerous conduction routes in the structure. A mere decrease in conductivity after 20 laundry cycles confirms the excellent washing durability of the conductive fabric. Moreover, a high specific capacitance of 8.3 F.g-1 was recorded for this fabric by cyclic voltammetry in a three-electrode measurement system.
http://www.itast.ir/article_111238_bd3e6a5d7c404bec2e24a92709f4c490.pdf
2020-06-01
15
22
polyester
Reduced graphene Oxide
Polypyrrole
conductive fabric
Surface modification
Alkaline hydrolysis
Marjan
Barakzehi
mbarakzehi@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Textile Engineering, Functional Fibrous Structures and Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE), Amirkabir Nanotechnology Research Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Majid
Montazer
tex5mm@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Textile Engineering, Functional Fibrous Structures and Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE), Amirkabir Nanotechnology Research Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Farhad
Sharif
sharif@aut.ac.ir
3
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] U. Gulzar, “Next-generation textiles: from embedded supercapacitors to lithium ion batteries”, J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 4, pp. 16771-16800, 2016. [2] K. Jost, G. Dion, and Y. Gogotsi, “Textile energy storage in perspective”, J. Mater. Chem., vol. 2, pp. 10776-10787, 2014. [3] X. Pu, L. Li, M. Liu, C. Jiang, C. Du, Z. Zhao, W. Hu et al., “Wearable self-charging power textile based on flexible yarn supercapacitors and fabric nanogenerators”, Adv. Mater., vol. 28, no. 1, pp.
1
98-105, 2016. [4] K. Jost, C.R. Perez, J.K. McDonough, V. Presser, M. Heon, G. Diona, and Y. Gogotsi, “Carbon coated textiles for flexible energy storage”, Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 4, pp. 5060-5067, 2011. [5] D.P. Dubal, N.R. Chodankar, D.H. Kim, and P. GomezRomero, “Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics”, Chem. Soc. Rev., vol. 47, pp. 2065-2129, 2018. [6] I.A. Sahito, K.C. Sun, A.A. Arbab, M.B. Qadir, and S.H. Jeong, “Graphene coated cotton fabric as textile structured counter electrode for DSSC”, Electrochim. Acta, vol. 173, pp. 164-171, 2015. [7] A. Berendjchi, R. Khajavi, A.A. Yousefi, and M.E. Yazdanshenas, “Improved continuity of reduced graphene oxide on polyester fabric by use of polypyrrole to achieve a highly electro-conductive and flexible substrate”, Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 363, pp. 264-272, 2016. [8] M. Montazer and T. Harifi, Nanofinishing of Textile Materials, Woodhead Publishing, 2018, pp. 65-82. [9] H.W. Cui, K. Suganuma, and H. Uchida, “Highly stretchable, electrically conductive textiles fabricated from silver nanowires and cupro fabrics using a simple dipping-drying method”, Nano Res., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1604–1614, 2015. [10] B. Yue, C. Wang, X. Ding, and G.G. Wallace, “Polypyrrole coated nylon lycra fabric as stretchable electrode for supercapacitor applications”, Electrochim. Acta, vol. 68, pp. 18-24, 2012. [11] C. Sun, X. Li, Z. Cai, and F. Ge, “Carbonized cotton fabric in-situ electrodeposition polypyrrole as high-performance flexible electrode for wearable supercapacitor”, Electrochim. Acta, vol. 296, pp.
2
617-626, 2019. [12] J. Molina, A. Zille, J. Fernández, A.P. Souto, J. Bonastre, and F. Casesa, “Conducting fabrics of polyester coated with polypyrrole and doped with graphene oxide”, Synthetic Met., vol. 204, pp. 110-121,
3
2015.
4
[13] S. Li, C. Zhao, K. Shu, C. Wang, Z.P. Guo, G.G. Wallace, and H.K. Liu, “Mechanically strong high performance layered polypyrrole nano fiber/graphene film for flexible solid state supercapacitor”, Carbon, vol. 79, pp. 554-562, 2014. [14] S. Sahoo, D. Saptarshi, H. Goutam, B. Pallab, and K.D. Chapal, “Graphene/polypyrrole nanofiber nanocomposite as electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitor”, Polymer, vol. 54, pp. 1033-1042, 2013. [15] J. Liu, J. An, Y. Ma, M. Li, and R. Ma “Synthesis of a graphene-polypyrrole nanotube composite and its application in supercapacitor electrode”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 159, pp. 828-833, 2012. [16] J. Xu, D. Wang, Y. Yuan, W. Wei, L. Duan, L. Wang, H. Bao et al., “Polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide coated fabric electrodes for supercapacitor application”, Org. Electron., vol. 24, pp. 153-159, 2015. [17] M. Barakzehi, M. Montazer, F. Sharif, T. Norby, and A. Chatzitakis, “A textile-based wearable supercapacitor using reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite”, Electrochim. Acta, vol. 305, pp. 187-196, 2019. [18] Y. Liang, W. Weng, J. Yang, L. Liu, Y. Zhang, L. Yang, X. Luo et al., “Asymmetric fabric supercapacitor with a high areal energy density and excellent flexibility”, RSC Adv., vol. 7, pp. 48934-48941, 2017. [19] T. Harifi and M. Montazer, “In situ synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles on polyester fabric utilizing color, magnetic, antibacterial and sono-Fenton catalytic properties”, J. Mater. Chem. B, vol. 2, pp. 272-282, 2014. [20] R. Liu, Y. Liu, Q. Kang, A. Casimir, H. Zhang, N. Li, Z. Huang et al., “Synergistic effect of graphene and polypyrrole to enhance the SnO2 anode performance in lithium-ion batteries”, RSC Adv., vol. 6, pp.
5
9402-9410, 2016. [21] F. Bertini and V.V. Zuev, “Thermal behavior and degradation of a liquid crystalline alkylene-aromatic polyester:poly(decamethylene-fumaroyl-bis-4oxybenzoate)”, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., vol. 92, pp. 1669–1676, 2007. [22] A. Batool, F. Kanwal, M. Imran, T Jamil, and S.A. Siddiqi, “Synthesis of polypyrrole/zinc oxide composites and study of their structural, thermal and electrical properties”, Synthetic Met., vol. 161, pp. 2753–2758, 2012. [23] Q. Zhou, X. Ye, Z. Wan, and C. Jia, “A threedimensional flexible supercapacitor with enhanced performance based on lightweight, conductive graphene-cotton fabric electrode”, J. Power Sources, vol. 296, pp. 186-196, 2015.
6
[24] Y. Liang, W. Weng, J. Yang, L. Liu, Y. Zhang, L. Yang, X. Luo et al., “Asymmetric fabric supercapacitor with a high areal energy density and excellent flexibility”, RSC Adv., vol. 7, pp. 48934-48941, 2017. [25] Y.C. Chen, Y.-K. Hsu, Y.-G. Lin, Y.-K. Lin, Y.-Y. Horng, L.-C. Chen, and K.-H. Chen, “Highly flexible supercapacitors with manganese oxide nanosheet/
7
carbon cloth electrode”, Electrochim. Acta, vol. 56, pp. 7124–7130, 2011. [26] Y.Y. Horng, Y.-K. Hsu, L.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Lu, C.-C. Chen, and K.-H. Chen, “Flexible supercapacitor based on polyaniline nanowires/carbon cloth with both high gravimetric and area-normalized capacitance”, J. Power Sources, vol. 195, pp. 4418–4422, 2010.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Oligomers with Urea Linkage as Flame Retardant and Antibacterial Materials in Jute Fabric
In this study, the application of mixed oligomers containing urea linkage as flame retardant and antibacterial agent in jute fabric was investigated. The mixed oligomers were produced using various molar ratios of urea and other inorganic acids such as sulfamic and phosphorous acid at a specific temperature. The reactions occurred in melt state in the temperature range of 130-150 °C. An aqueous solution of 50% of products was applied to the jute fabric with 80% wet pick up, then dried at 80 °C and cured at 170 °C for 2 min. The chemical structures of the new materials were studied using FTIR. The SEM micrograph of the surface of the specimens was presented along with the elemental analysis information using EDAX technique. The thermal decomposition analysis results by applying DSC and TGA techniques were also reported. The limited oxygen index of treated samples showed high level of fire resistant improvement with desirable wash durability. Antibacterial properties of treated samples were indicated against Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. In conclusion, it was found that the amount of phosphorus plays a significant role in antibacterial and flame retardant performance of jute fabric. The high level of limited oxygen index (0.41%) was measured for sample treated with the compounds prepared from 2 moles sulfamic acid, 3 moles phosphorous acid, and 8 moles of urea
http://www.itast.ir/article_111241_37ec44be6bd95e33285cde1bb6216b63.pdf
2020-06-01
23
32
Flame retardant
jute fabric
oligomer
Finishing
Maryam
Sharzaehee
sharzehee@yazd.ac.ir
1
Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] D.N. Saheb and J.P. Jog, “Natural fiber polymer composites: a reviewˮ, Adv. Polym. Technol., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 351-363, 1999. [2] S. Fatima and A.R. Mohanty, “Acoustical and fire retardant properties of jute composite materialsˮ, Appl. Acoust., vol. 72, no. 2-3, pp. 108-114, 2011. [3] B.A. Acha, N.E. Macovich, and M.M. Reboredo, “Physical and mechanical characterization of jute fabric compositesˮ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 639-650, 2005. [4] S. Bhattacharjee, M.H. Sazzad, and M.A. Islam, “Effects of fire retardants on jute fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride/polypropylene hybrid compositesˮ, Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 162-167, 2013. [5] Y. Dou, B. Guo, D. Guan, and L. Shi, “The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of jute/ polypropylene composites enhanced by ammonium polyphosphate/polypropylene powderˮ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 133, no. 39, pp. 43889, 2016. [6] D.Z. Fang and Z.Y. Ming, “Flame retardant property of jute/polypropylene fiber needle feltˮ, J. Text. Res., vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 59-612, 2006.
1
[7] M. Ramesh and K. Palanikumar, “Mechanical property evaluation of sisal-jute-glass fiber reinforced polyester compositesˮ, Compos. Part B: Eng., vol. 48, pp. 1-9, 2013. [8] P.K. Roy, S. Mukhopadhyay, and B.S. Butola, “A study on durable flame retaredancy of juteˮ, J. Nat. Fibers, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 483- 495, 2018. [9] S. Ashis Kumar, B.Y. Reetuparna, J. Seiko, and B. Gautam, “Fire retardant finish of jute fabric with
2
nanozinc oxideˮ, Cellulose, vol. 24, pp. 1143-1157, 2017. [10] S. Ashis Kumar and B. Arindam, “Ecofriendly fire retardant and rot resistance finishing of jute fabric using tin and boron based compoundˮ, J. Inst. Eng. India. Ser. E, vol. 98, pp. 25-31, 2017. [11] R.K. Basak, S.G. Saha, A.K. Sarkar, M. Saha, N.N. Das, and A.K. Mukherjee, “Thermal properties of jute constituents and flame retardant jute fabricsˮ, Text. Res. J., vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 658-666, 1993. [12] A.K. Samanta and K. Bhattacharya, “Simultaneous dyeing and fire-retardant finishing of jute fabric using an acid dye and selective F-R finishing chemicalsˮ, J. Mater. Sci. Appl., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 174-184, 2015. [13] S. Basak, K.K. Samanta, S.K. Chattopadhyay, S. Das, R. Narkar, C. Dsouza, and A.H. Shaikh, “Flame retardant and antimicrobial jute textile using sodium metasilicate nonahydrateˮ, Pol. J. Chem. Technol., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 106-113, 2014. [14] M. Sharzehee, “The use of urea condensates as novel flame retardant materialsˮ, Ph.D Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. [15] G. Socrates, Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies, John Wiley and Sons, 2004, 366 pages. [16] L.C. Thomas, Interpretation of the Infrared Spectra of Organophosphorus Compounds, London: Heyden and Son, 1974. [17] W.C. Kurlya and A.J. Papa, Flame retardancy of polymeric materials, vol. 5, Mercel Dekker Inc., 1978.
3
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Structural Modification and Argon Plasma Treatment of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Cell Culture
Since poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), as a biodegradable material, is a hydrophobic polymer which might lead to the incoherence of optimal growth of cells on the scaffold, the scaffold surface modification can promote the cell growth and proliferation. In this study, two methods including structural modification and plasma treatment were employed to improve the surface properties and epithelial kidney cells (Vero) culture efficiency for the PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds. Moreover, the physical, and chemical properties of the modified scaffolds were characterized. Plasma treatment enhances surface hydrophilicity and structural modification improves physical properties of surface such as fiber diameter, surface porosity and alignment index. It was found that the plasma-treated scaffold is more hydrophilic compared to the structurally-modified and non-treated scaffolds. From the ATR-FTIR spectra of the samples, it was observed that the extent of C=O and C-O groups was increased in the plasma-treated samples in comparison with the other groups. Furthermore, in-vitro studies demonstrated that, despite the greater hydrophilicity of the plasma-treated scaffold, both of modified scaffolds enhanced the cell growth and proliferation of Vero cells. In conclusion, the structurally-modified scaffolds have shown a promising potential to improve the cell proliferation as compared with the plasma-modified scaffolds.
http://www.itast.ir/article_111239_00cb1c8e9a9a3d0fc33aa4ab3c29cf17.pdf
2020-06-01
33
40
electrospun nanofibrous scaffold
Hydrophilicity
Surface modification
Structural modification
plasma-treated scaffold
Fatemeh
Zamani
fzamani80@gmail.com
1
Hazrat-e Masoumeh University
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Nadipour
fatemehnadipour@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Masoud
Latifi
latifi@aut.ac.ir
3
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali Akbar
Merati
merati@aut.ac.ir
4
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] S. Yang, K.F. Leong, Z. Du, and C.K. Chua, “The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Part I. Traditional factorsˮ, Tissue Eng., vol. 7, pp. 679689, 2001. [2] Y. Ikada, Tissue Engineering Fundamentals and Applications, Netherland: Elsevier/Academic, 2008, pp. 173-188. [3] F. Mokhtari, M. Salehi, F. Zamani, F. Hajiani, F. Zeighami, and M. Latifi, “Advances in electrospinning: the production and application of nanofibere and nanofibrous structuresˮ, Text. Prog., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 119-219, 2016. [4] E. Andronescu and A.M. Grumezescu, Nanostructures for Drug Delivery, Amsterdam: Elsevier/Matthew Deans, 2017, pp. 239–270. [5] F. Zamani, M. Amani-Tehran, M. Latifi, and M.A. Shokrgozar, “The influence of surface nanoroughness of electrospun PLGA nanofibrous scaffold on nerve cell adhesion and proliferation”, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., vol. 24, pp. 1551-1560, 2013. [6] F. Jahanmard, M. Amani-Tehran, F. Zamani, M. Nematollahi, L. Ghasemi, and M.H. NasrEsfahani, “Effect of nanoporous fibers on growth and proliferation of cells on electrospun poly(ϵcaprolactone) scaffoldsˮ, Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater., vol. 63, pp. 57-64, 2013. [7] M.P. Prabhakaran, J. Venugopal, C.K. Chan, and S. Ramakrishna, “Surface modified electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineeringˮ, Nanotechnology, vol. 19, no. 45, pp. 5102, 2008. [8] S. Miroshnichenko, V. Timofeeva, E. Permykova, S. Ershov, P. Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, E. Dvorakov, D.V. Shtansky et al., “Plasma-coated polycaprolactone nanofibers with covalently bonded platelet-rich plasma enhance adhesion and growth of human fibroblastsˮ,
1
Nanomaterials, vol. 9, pp. 637-656, 2019. [9] H. Rauscher, M. Perucca, and G. Buyle, Plasma Technology For Hyperfunctional Surface, Weinheim: Weily-VCH, 2010, pp. 63-78. [10] R. Morent, N. De Geyter, T. Desmet, P. Dubruel, and C. Leys, “Plasma surface modification of biodegradable polymers: a reviewˮ, Plasma Proc. Polym., vol. 8, pp. 171-190, 2011. [11] G.H. Ryu, W.S. Yang, H.W. Roh, I.S. Lee, J.K. Kim, G.H. Lee, D.H. Lee et al., “Plasma surface modification of poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (65/35) film for tissue engineeringˮ, Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 193, pp. 60-64, 2005. [12] A. Solouk, B.G. Cousins, H. Mirzadeh, and A.M. Seifalian, “Application of plasma surface modification techniques to improve hemocompatibility of vascular grafts: a review”, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.,vol. 58, pp. 311-327, 2011. [13] A. Solouk, B.G. Cousins, H. Mirzadeh, M. SolatiHashtjin, S. Najarian, and A.M. Seifalian, “Surface modification of POSS-nanocomposite biomaterials using reactive oxygen plasma treatment for cardiovascular surgical implant applications”, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., vol. 58, pp. 147-161, 2011. [14] Z. Liu, L. Jia, Z. Yan, and L. Bai, “Plasma-treated electrospun nanofibers as a template for the electrostatic assembly of silver nanoparticles”, New J. Chem., vol. 42, no. 13, pp. 1-7 , 2018. [15] N. Hasirci, T. Endogan, E. Vardar, A. Kiziltay, and V. Hasirci, “Effect of oxygen plasma on surface properties and biocompatibility of PLGA films”, Surf. Interface Anal., vol. 42, pp. 486-491, 2010. [16] M. Khorasani, H. Mirzadeh, and S. Irani, “Plasma surface modification of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films for improvement of nerve cells adhesion”, Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 77, pp. 280-287, 2008. [17] K.E. Park, K.Y. Lee, S.J. Lee, and W.H. Park, “Surface characteristics of plasma-treated PLGA nanofibers”, Macromol. Symp., pp. 103-108, 2007. [18] L. Safinia, K. Wilson, A. Mantalaris, and A. Bismarck, “Through-thickness plasma modification of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable porous polymer constructs”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., vol. 87A, pp.
2
632-642, 2008. [19] H. Cao, T. Liu, and S. Chew, “The application of nanofibrous scaffolds in neural tissue engineering”, Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev., vol. 61, pp. 1055, 2009. [20] G. Kim, J. Park, and S. Park, “Surface-treated and multilayered poly(e-caprolactone) nanofiber webs exhibiting enhanced hydrophilicity, J. Polym. Sci: Polym. Phys., vol. 45B, pp. 2038-2045, 2007. [21] L. Huang, J.T. Arena, S.S. Manickam, X. Jiang, B.G. Willis, and J.R. McCutcheon, “Improved mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of electrospun nanofiber membranes for filtration applications by dopamine modification, J. Membrane Sci., vol. 460, pp. 241249, 2014. [22] F. Zamani, M. Amani-Tehran, A. Zaminy, and M.A. Shokrgozar, “Conductive 3D Structure nanofibrous scaffolds for spinal cord regeneration”, Fiber. Polym., vol. 18, pp. 1874-1881, 2017. [23] F. Zamani, M. Latifi, M. Amani-Tehran, and M.A. Shokrgozar, “Effects of PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds structure on nerve cell directional proliferation and morphology”, Fiber. Polym., vol. 14, pp. 698-702, 2013. [24] S. Ramakrishna, K. Fujihara, W.E. Teo, T.C. Lim,
3
and Z. Ma, An Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers, World scientific, Singapore, 2005, pp. 90155. [25] L. Safinia, N. Datan, M. Hohse, A. Mantalaris and A. Bismarck, “Towards a methodology for the effective surface modification of porous polymer scaffoldˮ, Biomaterials, vol. 26, pp. 7537-7547, 2005. [26] D.L. Pavia, G. Lampman, and G.S. Kriz, Introduction to Spectroscopy, 5rd ed, Cengage Learning, Washington, 2013, pp. 14-106. [27] F. Zamani, “Engineering of structural properties of PLGA nanofbrous scaffold for neural cell cultureˮ, Ph.D Dissertation, Dept. Text. Eng., Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, 2013. [28] GE. Adams, A. Breccia, EM. Fielden, and P. Wardman, Selective Activation of Drugs by Redox Processes, New York: Plenum, 1990, pp. 200-210.
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on Linear Density Effect on the Vibration Behavior of Textile Strings Using Video Processing
The main aim of this study is to obtain a detailed information about textile string vibration and the effect of physical properties changes on it. This is based on the fact that modal parameters are the functions of physical properties. Video cameras propose the unique capability of collecting high density spatial data from a distant view and supply a reliable method for measuring vibrations and displacements in structures. They could be employed as inspection sensors because of their normal use, ease, and low cost. In this research, some laboratory equipment with a high-speed digital camera was designed to measure the vibration behavior of polypropylene monofilaments. The vibration was recorded by the high-speed camera at all the points of the string, and video processing was done to extract the free decays. The natural frequency, amplitude and phase were obtained by the Fourier series. The logarithmic decrement and the damping coefficient for monofilaments were calculated. The experimental results were compared to the results of a theoretical model for a plucked string with viscous damping, and the vibration properties of monofilaments were obtained. As the results showed, the theoretical model could successfully predict the vibration behavior of the filaments with error less than 23%. The trend of changes in the monofilament physical properties was easily specified based on the trend of the variations in the damping coefficient and the natural frequency. It was found that an increase in the monofilament linear density would cause a decrease in the damping coefficient and its natural frequency.
http://www.itast.ir/article_111242_dd5e97b9eea04ea2090c8a75642a3dc0.pdf
2020-06-01
41
51
Vibration Analysis
monofilament
high-speed camera
computer vision
Mina
Emadi
minaemadi@stu.yazd.ac.ir
1
Textile Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran; and Center of Excellence for Machine Vision in Textile and Apparel Industry, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
AUTHOR
Pedram
Payvandy
peivandi@yazd.ac.ir
2
Textile Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran; and Center of Excellence for Machine Vision in Textile and Apparel Industry, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Tavanaie
tavanaie@aut.ac.ir
3
Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; and Center of Excellence for Machine Vision in Textile and Apparel Industry, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mahdi
Jalili
jalili@yazd.ac.ir
4
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] A. Askenfelt and E.V. Jansson, “From touch to string vibrations. III: String motion and spectraˮ, J. Acousti. Soc. Am., vol. 93, pp. 2181-2196, 1993.
1
[2] J. Pakarinen and M. Karjalainen, “An apparatus for measuring string vibration using electric field
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sensingˮ, in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference, pp. 739-742, 2003.
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[6] M. Pàmies-Vilà, I.A. Kubilay, D. Kartofelev, M. Mustonen, A. Stulov, and V. Välimäki, “High-speed linecamera measurements of a vibrating stringˮ, In Proceeding of the Baltic-Nordic Acoustic Meeting (BNAM), Tallinn, Estonia, 2014. [7] D. Zhang, J. Guo, X. Lei, and C. Zhu, “A high-speed vision-based sensor for dynamic vibration analysis using fast motion extraction algorithmsˮ, Sensors, vol. 16, pp. 572, 2016.
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[11] X.P. Gao, Y.Z. Sun, Z. Meng, and Z.J. Sun, “On the transversal vibration of pile-yarn with time-dependent tension in tufting processˮ, Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 29-32, pp. 1517-1523, 2010. [12] X. Gao, Y. Sun, Z. Meng, and Z. Sun, “Analytical approach of mechanical behavior of carpet yarn by mechanical modelsˮ, Mater. Lett., vol. 65, pp. 22282230, 2011.
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[15] O. Serrano, R. Zaera, J. Fernández-Sáez, and M. Ruzzene, “Generalized continuum model for the
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analysis of nonlinear vibrations of taut strings with microstructureˮ, Int. J. Solids Struct., vol. 164, pp. 157-167, 2019.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Edgewise Compression Behavior of Three-Dimensional Integrated Woven Sandwich Composite Panels
This paper is concerned with the study of edgewise compression properties of newly developed sandwich panels denoted as 3D integrated woven sandwich composites (IWSCs). IWSC panels consist of two fabric faces that are interwoven by pile yarns and therefore, a very high skin-core debonding resistance is obtained. To qualify the mechanical properties of this structure, in this study, 3D woven samples with different pile heights and pile distribution densities were fabricated and then after the impregnation by resin, the effect of panel thickness, pile density, sample size, and types of resin on the edgewise compression behavior of IWSC panels were experimentally investigated. The results showed that edgewise compression properties of IWSC panels are increased with the increase of core heights as well as core pile density. Compared with the core height of 20 mm (H1), the peak load values of 30 mm panel thickness (H2) increase between 18 and 36%. Also, as the pile density increases from 2.1 cm-2 (D1) to 4.3 cm-2 (D3), the peak load values of samples increases about 6% to 14%. Furthermore, the composite produced by epoxy resin showed about 300% better compression properties than the composite fabricated by polyester resin. Warp and weft direction properties as well as size dependency of IWSC panels in edgewise compression test were also studied. The difference between the maximum load values for the warp and weft directions in the samples varies from 10% to 40%.
http://www.itast.ir/article_111244_16a90ec64806c83a51dde30ff4093b00.pdf
2020-06-01
53
63
three-dimensional woven fabric
edgewise compression
Glass Fabric
Sandwich Panel
Composite
Hooshang
Nosraty
1
Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Mirdehghan
mirdehghan@aut.acir
2
Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mahshid
Barikani
barikany@aut.ac.ir
3
Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Akhbari
4
Textile Engineering Department, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] A.P. Mouritz, M.K. Bannister, and P.J. Falzon, “Review of applications for advanced three dimensional fiber textile composites”, Compos. A, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1445-1461, 1999.
1
[2] R. Kamiya, B.A. Cheeseman, and P. Popper, “Some recent advances in the fabrication and design of three dimensional textile preforms: a reviewˮ, Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 33-47, 2000. [3] K. Bilisik, “Multiaxis three-dimensional weaving for composites: a review”, Text. Res. J., vol. 82, no. 7, pp. 725-743, 2012. [4] J. Hu, 3D Fibrous Assemblies: Properties, Applications and Modelling of Three-Dimensional Textile Structures, 1st ed, Woodhead Publishing, 2008. [5] A.W. Van Vuure, J.A. Ivens, and I. Verpoest, “Mechanical properties of composite panels based on woven sandwich fabric preforms”, Compos. A, vol. 31, pp. 671-680, 2000. [6] A. Mirdehghan, H. Nosraty, M.M. Shokrieh, M.
2
Akhbari, and R. Ghasemi, “Micro-mechanical modelling of the compression strength of threedimensional integrated woven sandwich compositesˮ, J. Ind. Text., vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1399-1419, 2019. [7] M. Li, S. Wang, and W. Zhang, “Effect of structure on the mechanical behaviors of three-dimensional spacer fabric composites”, Appl. Compos. Mater., vol. 16, pp. 1-14, 2009. [8] M. Karahan, H. Gul, and N. Karahan, “Static behavior of three-dimensional integrated core sandwich composites subjected to three-point bendingˮ, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 664-678, 2013. [9] S.W. Choi, M. Li, and W.I. Lee, “Analysis of buckling load of glass fiber/epoxy-reinforced plywood and its temperature dependenceˮ, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 48, no. 18, pp. 2191-2206, 2014. [10] M.G. Toribio and S.M. Spearing, “Compressive response of notched glass-fiber epoxy/honeycomb sandwich panels”, Compos. A, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 859870, 2001. [11] C.H. Park, W.I. Lee, and W.S. Han, “Multi-constraint optimization of composite structures manufactured by resin transfer molding process”, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 347-374, 2005. [12] J.M. Mirazo and S.M. Spearing, “Damage modeling of notched graphite/epoxy sandwich panels in compressionˮ, Appl. Compos. Mater., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 191-216, 2001. [13] J.G. Ratcliffe and J.R. Reeder, “Sizing a single cantilever beam specimen for characterizing facesheet-core debonding in sandwich structureˮ, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 45, no. 25, pp. 2669-2684, 2011. [14] C. Berggreen, B.C. Simonsen, and K.K. Borum, “Experimental and numerical study of interface crack propagation in foam-cored sandwich beamsˮ, J. Compos. Mater., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 493-520, 2007.
3
[15] A.W. Van Vuure, J. Pflug, and J.A. Ivens, “Modelling the core properties of composite panels based on woven sandwich fabric preforms”, Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 60, pp. 1263-1276, 2000. [16] H. Judawisastra, J. Ivens, and I. Verpoest, “Determination of core shear properties of 3D woven sandwich compositesˮ, Plast. Rubber Compos., vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 452-457, 1999. [17] D.S. Li, N. Jiang, L. Jiang, and C.Q. Zhao, “Static and dynamic mechanical behavior of 3D integrated woven spacer composites with thickened face sheetsˮ, Fiber Polym, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 460-468, 2016. [18] Y. Hu, W.X. Li, H.L. Fan, and N. Kuang, “Experimental investigations on the failures of woven textile sandwich panelsˮ, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 30, no. 2, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715598357. [19] C. Zhao, D. Li, T. Ge, L. Jiang, and N. Jiang, “Experimental study on the compression properties and failure mechanism of 3D integrated woven spacer
4
compositesˮ, Mater. Design, vol. 56, pp. 50–59, 2014. [20] S. Wang, M. Li, Z. Zhang, and B. Wu, “Mechanical reinforcement of three-dimensional spacer fabric compositesˮ, Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 65, pp. 26042607, 2010. [21] M. Sadighi and S.A. Hosseini, “Finite element simulation and experimental study on mechanical behavior of 3d woven glass fiber composite sandwich panelsˮ, Compos. B, vol. 55, pp. 158-166, 2013. [22] M. Barikani, “Investigation of the edgewise compression properties of 3D woven glass fibre composites (in Persian)”, Msc Thesis, Dept. Text. Eng., Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, 2017. [23] A. Kus, I. Durgun, and R. Ertan, “Experimental study on the flexural properties of 3D integrated woven spacer composites at room and subzero temperatures”, J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 517-530, 2018.
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Fabric Structure on the Tensile Stress Relaxation of Net Warp Knitted Fabrics
- Under constant strain, there is a decreased stress with time in viscoelastic materials, which is called stress relaxation. Textiles experience various long lasting deformations during manufacture and application. Consequently, stress relaxation occurs in these materials. This phenomenon can cause disturbances in textile performance in technical applications such as surgical mesh, pressure garments, varicose stockings, pressure bandages, etc. Thus, by considering the factors affecting stress relaxation of the fabric, the ability to design and produce appropriate products increases. In the present study, net warp knitted fabrics with five different structures including Tricot, Pin hole-net, Sandfly, quasi-Sandfly, and quasi-Marqussite have been produced and the effect of fabric structure on the stress relaxation of the fabrics in the course and wale directions have been investigated. To investigate the stress relaxation of the fabrics, a new index, named stress relaxation index was introduced. This index is obtained by multiplication of initial stress by the porosity of the fabric divided to the mass per unit area of the fabric. The results demonstrated that fabric structure has remarkable effect on the stress relaxation of the fabrics, and by increasing the stress relaxation index, stress relaxation of the fabric in both directions increases. Fabrics with Pin hole-net and quasiMarqussite structures showed the highest and lowest stress relaxation in the course direction, respectively. Meanwhile, fabrics with Tricot and Sandfly structures exhibited the highest and lowest stress relaxation in the wale direction, respectively.
http://www.itast.ir/article_111245_f7dd8a021ecc5834d1e7f62e43ec4060.pdf
2020-06-01
65
73
stress relaxation
warp knitted
Fabric Structure
net fabric
Azita
Asayesh
a_asayesh@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sanaz
Yousefi
sanaz_yousefi1992@yahoo.com
2
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] F. Sau and F.N. Yip, “The stress relaxation and shrinkage of pressure garments”, INT. J. Cloth. Sci. Tech., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 17–27, 1994.
1
[2] C.R. Deeken, M.S. Abdo, M.M. Frisella, and B.D. Matthews, “Physicomechanical evaluation of
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polypropylene, polyester, and polytetrafluoroethylene meshes for inguinal hernia repair”, J. Am. Coll. Surg., vol. 212, no. 1, pp. 68–79, 2011.
3
[3] M. Kirilova, “Experimental investigation of the viscoelastic properties of hernia meshes”, Comptes rendus de l’Académie bulgare des sciences: sciences mathématiques et naturelles, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 225230, 2012.
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[4] F.J. Gil, J.M. Manero, J.A. Planell, J. Vidal, J.M. Ferrando, M. Armengol, M.T. Quiles et al., “Stress relaxation tests in polypropylene monofilament meshes used in the repair of abdominal walls”, J. Mater. Sci.Mater. M., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 811-815, 2003.
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[5] M. Kirilova-Doneva and D. Pashkouleva, “Comparison study of the viscoelastic properties of light and heavy hernia meshes”, Innov. Biomed. Technol. Health C., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8-13, 2017.
6
[6] N. Hashemi, A. Asayesh, A.A.A. Jeddi, and T. Ardakani, “The influence of two bar warp-knitted structure on the fabric tensile stress relaxation part I: reverse locknit, sharkskin, queens’ cord”, J. Text. Inst., vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 512-524, 2016.
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[7] T. Ardakani, A. Asayesh, and A.A.A. Jeddi, “The influence of two bar warp-knitted structure on the fabric tensile stress relaxation part II: locknit, satin, loop raised”, J. Text. Inst., vol. 107, no. 11, pp. 13571368, 2016.
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[8] D. Sajn, J. Gersak, and R. Flajs, “Prediction of stress relaxation of fabrics with increased elasticity”, Text. Res. J., vol. 76, no. 10, pp. 10742–750, 2006.
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[12] C.L. Hui, “Theoretical analysis of tension and pressure decay of a tubular elastic fabric”, Text. Res. J., vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 268–272, 2003.
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[13] J. Geršak, D. Šajn, and V. Bukošek, “A study of the relaxation phenomena in the fabrics containing elastane yarns”, Int. J. Cloth. Sci. Tech., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 188–199, 2005.
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